(2000)īorn G (1876) Ueber die Nasenhöhlen und den Thränennasengang der Amphibien. Course Technology, Cengage Learning, BostonĪrnold AS, Salinas S, Asakawa DJ, Delp SL (2000) Accuracy of muscle moment arms estimated from MRI-based musculoskeletal models of the lower extremity. Considering data quality and resolution, and depending on object sizes and research goals, DSLR captured episcopic microtomy can be an alternative to other techniques, such as traditional histological sectioning or micro-computed tomography.Īblan D (2008) The official luxology modo guide. The macro lens and extension tube yielded the smallest pixel size of 2.53 × 2.53 µm 2. We further tested the APS-C camera with combinations of macro lens, extension tube or teleconverter. The fiducial spots had a significant positive effect on the alignment quality with the best alignment having a maximum mean alignment error of about 44.7 µm. We analyzed the alignment quality achieved by various selections of specimen and fiducial marker spots. The generated image stacks allowed distinguishing different tissues and were well-suited for creating a 3D surface model. For our sample specimen ( Alytes obstetricans Amphibia: Anura) we obtained images with a pixel size of 5.67 × 5.67 µm 2. The workflow of block surface staining and imaging, image processing, stack alignment, surface generation (including a custom Amira ® macro), and 3D model editing is described in detail. It is composed of a consumer DSLR digital camera combined with standard histology equipment.
(Anat Embryol 197:341–348, 1998), we describe a simple and versatile setup for episcopic microtomy. Based on the episcopic microscopy with on-block staining protocol of Weninger et al. Various methods are available to acquire 3D data, among them episcopic imaging techniques. The use of volume data and digital three-dimensional (3D) surface models in biology has increased quickly and steadily.
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